1. Interests. Assess the client's interests. See Program Manual Chapter Career Planning for further information. The client must complete a minimum of one Informational Interview for the desired occupation. If the VR Specialist determines the client has adequate information from previous employment and should be considered for an exception from this requirement, they must document this determination in the IPE Approval justification screen in QE2 with the specific rationale for the exception. Steps to conduct the informational interview:

• Help the individual to understand the purpose of an informational interview, the appropriate subject to interview and how to arrange the meeting. 
• Retain a copy of the interview questions and responses in the case file record.
• See IPE Guide linked below.

2. Impairment. Consider the vocational implications of the client's impairment and the requirements of the occupational goal to verify the client can successfully perform the specific job, complete academic training, and obtain competitive-integrated employment. 
   • Ensure occupation is within the client's functional limitations. Utilize the Disability Handbook to address all potential impairment related issues, include secondary and tertiary conditions.
   • Stability – Consider any or all issues that may create instability. Is there evidence of recurrent hospitalizations, sporadic employment, disability issues or family crisis? VR staff will need to discuss if the disability is progressive and will cause future interruptions in post-secondary training and/or employment.
   • Stamina - Consider the client’s stamina and ability to (1) attend training, (2) complete a training program within an appropriate time frame and (3) perform the physical, mental, and emotional demands of the occupation.
3. Resources, priorities, and concerns.  Address work readiness issues. Consider if training will remove the barrier to employment or if there are other issues that need attending to first? Does the client have a pattern of missed appointments or tardiness? Does the client have work experience and good work habits? Is there a pattern for job losses (difficulty getting along with others, daycare issues, etc.)? If so, what is the cause and has it been resolved? Discuss the client’s ability to use tools like calendars, day planners, assignment books, etc. to manage time and plan activities and study time? 
4. Strengths, ability and capability. Identify the skills, abilities and academic qualifications required to be hired in the job. What is the typical work schedule and job tasks for the employment of interest and is this consistent with the individual's functional limitations? Identify qualifications needed to meet state or local registration, certification, or licensing requirements to practice the trade, occupation, or profession. Is there a need for actual work experience in the job area, as well as a degree? If no degree is required, consider how the typical employee enters the labor market for the specified occupation. What are the entry level requirements? Can the desired occupation be obtained through direct placement, specific courses, or an OJT?   Ensure IPE includes all services needed to obtain the desired job.
5. Determine employment outlook for the specific occupation. Is the job readily available in the local labor market or a labor market to which the client is willing to relocate? Address the local labor market demand for the position and prevailing wage. Does the wage meet their financial needs? 
6. Determine reasonable expectation. There must be a reasonable expectation of successfully completing training, based on the analysis of indicators of success such as past training, work history, academic achievement or test results relating to academic potential, intelligence and vocational aptitudes. VR is responsible for determining the justification for successful completion of the required post-secondary training AND obtaining employment in the vocational area of interest that meets the individual's unique situation. Lack of academic skill does not automatically rule out all occupations that may require training. An individual may be able to become employed in the desired occupation without a formal degree. Example: welding may only require a few hands-on classes and/or an OJT. Academic skill level may also mean the client completes a certificate or diploma rather than an associate degree. 

• Past academic achievement. Obtain transcripts from prior and current high school and/or post-secondary training. Review high school and post-secondary courses as they relate to the occupational area the client wants to pursue. Review attendance data to consider if absenteeism might be an issue during post-secondary training. Information available from MDT, IEP’s, psychological testing, etc. should be considered when determining the feasibility of post-secondary training success. Was attendance full-time or part-time and why? Grades - address the reason for any difficulty. Do they prefer academic or hands-on learning? What accommodations were tried and outcome? What were the barriers, and have they been addressed? 
• Post-Secondary Entrance and Placement Exams. Knowing the results of the assessments will assist the college and VR staff in determining if additional courses are necessary in the areas of math, reading and/or writing. The assessment results can provide information regarding a student’s likelihood of success in a particular program. Thorough career planning and assessment should be completed with all individuals to assure there is a good chance of successful completion of post-secondary training.
• Remedial and Developmental courses. May be recommended if a student's academic skills are not adequate for acceptance into the college program. These courses do not count toward the degree but are required to be completed and passed for acceptance into the college program. Study skills courses are another type of developmental course which focuses on study techniques, note taking skills, managing time and assignments, test taking, etc. If an individual has several remedial courses required, this is an indicator of the difficulty the individual may experience. Attention needs to be given to providing appropriate career counseling to all available occupations within the area of interest and assure the client understands their options and the requirements of the program of study prior to the development of an academic plan.  
• Pre-requisites courses. Not to be confused with remedial or developmental courses. A pre-requisite is a course that is needed to take another higher-level course in an undergraduate program, or a course required for admission to an undergraduate program. These courses count toward the degree or the program admission requirements. Similarly, at the graduate level, a graduate program may require completion of certain undergraduate courses as part of the admission criteria to that program.

7. Accreditation of Program. School and other training institutes must be approved by a recognized accrediting body. Programs, including both in and out of state, must be approved and listed under either the Council for Higher Education (CHEA) database or Accredited Post-Secondary Institutions and Programs (DAPIP). Any program not listed under either of these databases must be reviewed and approved by the Program Director of Counseling. 
8. Financial. Consider the client’s financial situation to determine if they can meet the personal and school financial obligations while attending training. Consider if the client has previous unsuccessful attempts at academic training affecting their financial aid status and continuing eligibility for financial aid. It is a disservice to the client and a misuse of public funds to start a service in the absence of a reasonable expectation of the client to be able to financially meet the educational, living, and other expenses not covered by the VR training allowance. VR must address other options if post-secondary does not appear feasible (shorter term training, OJT, alternate occupation, etc.). Address:

• Benefits. Consider the possible financial effects of attending post-secondary training and employment on existing services, benefits, and programs.
• Completion of Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This is federal aid based on the student's and, as applicable parent's, tax returns. Post-Secondary programs must be eligible for federal financial aid. Some religious and private institutions do not have Federal Student Financial Aid available. If Unmet Need is not able to be determined, VR cannot fund the training. EducationQuest is an excellent resource for identifying private scholarships and for help in completing a FAFSA. 
• Financial Aid Audit for previous post-secondary students or major/goal changes. Clients who have previously attended college or want to change their major must visit the financial aid office to calculate the amount of financial aid already used and the remaining eligibility for financial aid (PELL Grants are available for a total of one and a half credits for program completion. Example: 120 credit program is eligible for a maximum of 180 credits). This verification must be completed in writing and placed in the client's file. This is determined by considering ALL prior financial aid used, regardless of the program of study. Some colleges may make an exception to the PELL Grant limit, so this exception should be explored if needed. 
• Defaulted Loans. Individuals who have defaulted on a prior student loan must be in good standing to avail themselves to possible financial aid, as this can usually be accomplished in a few short months of regular payments.​​​​
• Academic Audit. Students who have previously attended college or are changing their major, must meet with college advisor and obtain in writing what credits will be accepted for the program of study and what courses and credits remains. VR needs to maintain a copy of the academic audit in the casefile to monitor progress and appropriate course selection. This information is also needed to calculate the remaining credits eligible for financial aid.
• Review the VR Financial Aid form. This is a required form for all post-secondary plans and is to be reviewed at the time the IPE is signed, so the client is aware of how funding is determined and post-secondary expectations. This form automatically prints with all IPEs with a post-secondary service. 

• Client submitted all financial aid application forms required by the institution in sufficient time for the school to provide VR with the student's financial aid information and
• IPE approved with post-secondary training service, 

• the student budget used to determine the amount of aid to be awarded,
• the amount of the expected family contribution,
• the amount of gift aid to be awarded; and
• the amount of unmet need remaining calculated by the financial aid office.

• Example: An individual in an undergraduate program and registered for less than 6 credit hours, will not qualify for a PELL grant due to the limited number of credit hours, but an unmet need can and must be determined by the post-secondary institution of study.
• Example: An individual in a graduate level program is not eligible for a PELL grant due to the program of study, but an unmet need can and must be determined by the post-secondary institution of study.
• Example: Differed Action Childhood Arrivals (DACA) students are not eligible for federal or state student aid, but an unmet need can and must be determined by the post-secondary institution of study. The student may be eligible for private scholarships and financial aid from private schools, colleges, and universities. If VR is working with a DACA student, verification of eligibility to work through the SAVE program is required on an annual basis while the case is open. The student must be assigned a social security number to complete the financial aid application to determine the Unmet Need. For further information on how DACA can obtain a social security number visit: http//www.socialsecurity.gov/pub/deferred_action.pdf 

• Obtain client's signature on the Student Financial Aid Report.
• Email the school's financial aid office the client signed VR Release and the SFAR-E Form.

• VR must utilize the student to obtain the required information.
• Instruct the student to sign into their student account and review their financial aid resources.
• Client must accept the gift aid (PELL, scholarships, etc.) as these do not require repayment.
• Discuss Unmet Need and how loans are part of the financial aid package, but do not require acceptance.
  • Loans require repayment and should only be taken, if needed. An individual can also accept the loan in whole or part.
  • Explain accepting loan(s) prior to VR determining the training allowance amount may alter the Unmet Need amount and in turn, possibly reduce the amount VR's training allowance.
  • After VR funding has been determined, the student can request a student loan, if needed.
  • VR funding may reduce the amount of student loans available.

Type of degree awarded by Institution and, or Program	BA & above	AA	Diploma or Certificate	Diploma or Certificate	Non-degree (up to 12 hours)
Eligible to award federal financial aid	Program is eligible to offer federal financial aid	Program is eligible to offer federal financial aid	Program is eligible to offer federal financial aid	Program is not eligible to offer federal financial aid	Program not eligible to offer federal financial aid.
QE2 Service	Post Sec-College	Post Sec-Technical	Post Sec-Technical	Misc. Training Skill Building	Misc. Training Skill Building
Financial Assistance	$168 Semester Hr or $86 Quarter Hr	$68 Semester Hr or $46 Quarter Hr or $1.81 Clock Hr	$68 Semester Hr or $46 Quarter Hr or $1.81 Clock Hr	Actual cost not to exceed $4752.00	Actual cost not to exceed $4752.00

• College/Technical Training semester programs: 12 hours fall, 12 hours spring and 12 summer semester hours for a total of 36 hours.
• College/Technical Training quarter programs: 12 hours fall, 12 hours winter, 12 hours spring, and 12 hours summer quarters for a total of 48 hours.

• If a student who is deaf elects to attend a college for the deaf (Gallaudet, the National Technical Institute for the Deaf or the Southwest Collegiate Institute for the Deaf, etc.), they may be provided with financial assistance up to the actual cost of tuition, fees, books, and supplies subject to the unmet need and program of study.
• Tuition and fees: actual cost of tuition and fees. 
• Additional program specific costs of lab fees and on-line courses may require an additional authorization, as appropriate. 
• Books: Specifically required book are authorized separately from tuition to the vender of choice or the client. 
• Once VR is provided the invoice from school for the cost of tuition and it is less than what we authorized, VR only pays what was billed. 

• Transfer credit hours accepted by the institution and program of study.
• Alternative course credit hours accepted by the institution and program of study.
• Course credits earned by the recipient while under current or prior IPE with Nebraska VR.
• Course credit hours authorized for, but not earned because the: 
  • Course was not completed with a grade of C or equivalent, or a grade required by the program of study. 
  • Course was withdrawn from after the 100% refund period or
  • Course or courses do not meet the degree requirements of the institution and program of study.

• New VR client, but prior college student. Academic audit reflects, program requires a total of 120 credit hours and accepts 20 transfer credits. (120 - 20 = 100 credits remaining for VR funding). 
• New VR client. Program requires a total of 120 credit hours, student funded 60 credits previously and of those 60 credits the college accepts 40 transfer credits. Since the previous credits were completed prior to VR and the IPE, VR will only count the credits that are accepted by the college and program of study (120 - 40 = 80 credits remaining for VR funding). 
• Current or prior VR client. Program requires a total of 120 credit hours, VR funded 60 credits in another program and of those 60 the college accepts 40 transfer credits. (120 - 60 = 60 credits remaining for VR funding) due to the need to count all credits earned while under an IPE.
• Current or prior VR client. Program requires a total of 120 credit hours, VR funded 60 credits in another program and Veterans Program funded 40 credits prior to working with VR. The college accepts 20 or the 40 credits of the Veteran funded and an additional 15 of the 60 credits of VR funded courses. (120 - 20 - 60 = 40) All VR funded credits count, whether accepted by the college or not.
• Current client. Registers for 15 credit hours, VR funds 12 and the client fails 3 credits. GPA is above a 2.0. The client is making adequate progress and will not owe VR 3 credits, as the client personally funded 3 credits and completed 12 required program credits.

1. Academic credential. If the goal of training requires obtaining an academic credential (i.e., a certificate, diploma, or degree awarded by the institution), document on the IPE the academic credential being sought. The maximum credit hours for which VR will provide financial aid is limited to the number of hours specifically required for degree completion by the higher education institution or by a state authority issuing mandatory licenses.
2. Academic requirements - Identify the courses and hours required. If the goal of training is to complete specific courses (i.e., the goal is not an academic credential), documentation in the IPE must identify the specific courses and hours to be completed. 
3. Accommodations and supports - Determine if assistive technology and student supports will be necessary for the client to be successful in training and document the needed supports in the IPE. 
4. Determine the number of hours to be completed per term:
   • If a client requires a reduced course load, consult with the office director and obtain approval of this decision to attend college part-time. All major decisions need to be documented in the task notes.  Examples of part-time attendance requests may be due to: 
     • physical or mental impairment,
     • need to maintain existing employment, or
     • need to maintain a comparable benefit and/or service.
5. Review reasonable progress criteria:
   • The client must provide a copy of the registration form no later than 5 business days prior to the start of the term (as well as a copy of any revised registration if there is a subsequent change due to drop and add or course cancellation). Inability to comply due to circumstances beyond the control of the student shall not result in VR assistance being withheld. An Office Director exception is required to be documented in a task note to receive funding when the timeline is not met.
   • Monitor grades each term and for the academic year using grade reports for an overall or cumulative grade point average (GPA) of "C" or equivalent, or better, unless the program of study requires a higher course grade or GPA. The student is responsible for providing VR with a copy of their grades.
   • Complete the number of credit hours each academic year needed to meet the reasonable progress criteria set by the school's financial aid office and as agreed to by VR. In general, "reasonable progress" means satisfactorily completing at least:
     • 36 credit hours of credit in a school with a three-semester academic year; or,
     • 48 quarter hours of credit in a school with a 4-quarter academic year.
6. Review failure to maintain reasonable progress. If a client fails to maintain reasonable progress, an appropriate corrective action plan should be developed in cooperation with the post-secondary institution.
   • If the client completes fewer required credits than authorized, take corrective action in the following term by reducing the number of credits authorized to reflect the number not completed last term. Example: If VR authorized 12 credits, but the client only completed 9 credits and the following term the client registers for 12 credits, VR would only fund 9 as adjusting for the 3 credits not completed. 
   • If a client fails to maintain reasonable progress (cumulative 2.0 GPA & completion of required credit hours), an appropriate corrective action plan should be developed in cooperation with the post-secondary institution. 
   • Financial assistance may be continued for one academic term or semester to determine whether the client is able to make reasonable progress with the corrective actions. The opportunity to achieve reasonable progress with continued VR funding shall not be unreasonably denied; however, in some circumstances, continued VR funding may not be appropriate.
   • Monitor any corrective action plans. If the client does not complete or participate in planned corrective actions, modify, or terminate post-secondary training as appropriate. If reasonable progress is not achieved at the end of one academic term or semester, financial aid should be discontinued, and the IPE reviewed and revised to identify a suitable employment goal.
7. Obtain verification of the credential upon completion. 

Required factors to address with client:

Determine job goal is a good match with the client's unique interests, strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, informed choice, and labor market information.

1. Interests. Assess the client's interests. See Program Manual Chapter Career Planning for further information. The client must complete a minimum of one Informational Interview for the desired occupation. If the VR Specialist determines the client has adequate information from previous employment and should be considered for an exception from this requirement, they must document the determination in the IPE Approval justification screen in QE2 with the specific rationale for the exception. Steps to conduct the informational interview:

• Help the individual to understand the purpose of an informational interview, the appropriate subject to interview and how to arrange the meeting. 
• Retain a copy of the interview questions and responses in the case file record.
• See IPE Guide linked below.

2. Impairment. Consider the vocational implications of the client's impairment and the requirements of the occupational goal to verify the client can successfully perform the specific job, complete academic training, and obtain competitive-integrated employment. 
   • Ensure occupation is within the client's functional limitations. Utilize the Disability Handbook to address all potential impairment related issues, include secondary and tertiary conditions.
   • Stability – Consider any or all issues that may create instability. Is there evidence of recurrent hospitalizations, sporadic employment, disability issues or family crisis? VR staff will need to discuss if the disability is progressive and will cause future interruptions in post-secondary training and/or employment.
   • Stamina - Consider the client’s stamina and ability to (1) attend training, (2) complete a training program within an appropriate time frame and (3) perform the physical, mental, and emotional demands of the occupation.
3. Resources, priorities, and concerns. Address work readiness issues. Consider if training will remove the barrier to employment or if there are other issues that need attending to first? Does the client have a pattern of missed appointments or tardiness? Does the client have work experience and good work habits? Is there a pattern for job losses (difficulty getting along with others, daycare issues, etc.)? If so, what is the cause and has it been resolved? Discuss the client’s ability to use tools like calendars, day planners, assignment books, etc. to manage time and plan activities and study time? 
4. Strengths, ability and capability. Identify the skills, abilities and academic qualifications required to be hired in the job. What is the typical work schedule and job tasks for the employment of interest and is this consistent with the individual's functional limitations? Identify qualifications needed to meet state or local registration, certification, or licensing requirements to practice the trade, occupation, or profession. Is there a need for actual work experience in the job area, as well as a degree?  If no degree is required, consider how the typical employee enters the labor market for the specified occupation. What are the entry level requirements? Can the desired occupation be obtained through direct placement, specific courses or an OJT? Ensure IPE includes all services needed to obtain the desired job.
5. Determine employment outlook for the specific occupation. Is the job readily available in the local labor market or a labor market to which the client is willing to relocate? Address the local labor market demand for the position and prevailing wage. Does the wage meet their financial needs? 
6. Determine reasonable expectation. There must be a reasonable expectation of successfully completing training, based on the analysis of indicators of success such as past training, work history, academic achievement or test results relating to academic potential, intelligence, and vocational aptitudes. VR is responsible for determining the justification for successful completion of the required post-secondary training AND obtaining employment in the vocational area of interest that meets the individual's unique situation. Lack of academic skill does not automatically rule out all occupations that may require training. An individual may be able to become employed in the desired occupation without a formal degree. Example: welding may only require a few hands-on classes and/or an OJT. Academic skill level may also mean the client completes a certificate or diploma rather than an associate degree. 

• Past academic achievement. Obtain transcripts from prior and current high school and/or post-secondary training. Review high school and post-secondary courses as they relate to the occupational area the client wants to pursue. Review attendance data to consider if absenteeism might be an issue during post-secondary training. Information available from MDT’s, IEP’s, psychological testing, etc. should be considered when determining the feasibility of post-secondary training success. Was attendance full-time or part-time and why? Grades - address the reason for any difficulty. Do they prefer academic or hands-on learning? What accommodations were tried and outcome? What were the barriers, and have they been addressed? 
• Post-Secondary Entrance and Placement Exams. Knowing the results of the assessments will assist the college and VR staff in determining if additional courses are necessary in the areas of math, reading and/or writing. The assessment results can provide information regarding a student’s likelihood of success in a particular program. Thorough career planning and assessment should be completed with all individuals to assure there is a good chance of successful completion of post-secondary training.
• Remedial and Developmental courses. May be recommended if a student's academic skills are not adequate for acceptance into the college program. These courses do not count toward the degree but are required to be completed and passed for acceptance into the college program. Study skills courses are another type of developmental course which focuses on study techniques, note taking skills, managing time and assignments, test taking, etc. If an individual has several remedial courses required, this is an indicator of the difficulty the individual may experience. Attention needs to be given to providing appropriate career counseling to all available occupations within the area of interest and assure the client understands their options and the requirements of the program of study prior to the development of an academic plan.  
• Pre-requisites courses. Not to be confused with remedial or developmental courses. A pre-requisite is a course that is needed to take another higher-level course in an undergraduate program, or a course required for admission to an undergraduate program. These courses count toward the degree or the program admission requirements. Similarly, at the graduate level, a graduate program may require completion of certain undergraduate courses as part of the admission criteria to that program.

7. Accreditation of Program. School and other training institutes must be approved by a recognized accrediting body. Programs, including both in and out of state, must be approved and listed under either the Council for Higher Education (CHEA) database or Accredited Post-Secondary Institutions and Programs (DAPIP). Any program not listed under either of these databases must be reviewed and approved by the Program Director of Counseling. 
8. Financial. Consider the client’s financial situation to determine if they can meet the personal and school financial obligations while attending training. Consider if the client has previous unsuccessful attempts at academic training affecting their financial aid status and continuing eligibility for financial aid. It is a disservice to the client and a misuse of public funds to start a service in the absence of a reasonable expectation of the client to be able to financially meet the educational, living, and other expenses not covered by the VR training allowance. VR must address other options if post-secondary does not appear feasible (shorter term training, OJT, alternate occupation, etc.). Address:

• Benefits. Consider the possible financial effects of attending post-secondary training and employment on existing services, benefits, and programs.
• Completion of Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This is federal aid based on the student's and as applicable parent's, tax returns. Post-Secondary programs must be eligible for federal financial aid. Some religious and private institutions do not have Federal Student Financial Aid available. If Unmet Need is not able to be determined, VR cannot fund the training. EducationQuest is an excellent resource for identifying private scholarships and for help in completing a FAFSA. 
• Financial Aid Audit for previous post-secondary students or major/goal changes. Clients who have previously attended college or want to change their major must visit the financial aid office to calculate the amount of financial aid already used and the remaining eligibility for financial aid (PELL Grants are available for a total of one and a half credits for program completion. Example: 120 credit program is eligible for a maximum of 180 credits). This verification must be completed in writing and placed in the client's file. This is determined by considering ALL prior financial aid used, regardless of the program of study. Some colleges may make an exception to the PELL Grant limit, so this exception should be explored if needed. 
• Defaulted Loans. Individuals who have defaulted on a prior student loan must be in good standing to avail themselves to possible financial aid, as this can usually be accomplished in a few short months of regular payments.​​​​
• Academic Audit. Students who have previously attended college or are changing their major, must meet with college advisor and obtain in writing what credits will be accepted for the program of study and what courses and credits remains. VR needs to maintain a copy of the academic audit in the casefile to monitor progress and appropriate course selection. This information is also needed to calculate the remaining credits eligible for financial aid.
• Review the VR Financial Aid form. This is a required form for all post-secondary plans and is to be reviewed at the time the IPE is signed, so the client is aware of how funding is determined and post-secondary expectations. The VR Financial Aid form automatically prints with all IPEs with a post-secondary service. 

60-day IPE Approval and Financial Aid Application deadline

To be considered for VR financial aid, the following must be completed at least 60 days before the date on which the client will begin post-secondary training:

• Client submitted all financial aid application forms required by the institution in sufficient time for the school to provide VR with the student's financial aid information and
• IPE approved with post-secondary training service, 

A client who does not meet the 60-day criteria and comply with the financial aid application deadline cannot receive VR financial aid until the next post-secondary term, unless an Office Director grants an exception.

Student's Financial Aid is calculated annually based on the completion of the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) for each federal academic year.

Student Financial Aid Report (SFAR) Before the amount of VR financial assistance can be determined and authorized, Nebraska VR must receive the student's financial aid information to include the unmet need from the financial aid office of the post-secondary institute the client plans to attend. The following financial aid information must be verified to be from the school and include: 

• student budget used to determine the amount of aid to be awarded,
• student aid index
• gift aid to be awarded; and
• unmet need calculated by the financial aid office.

Academic year - The year used in the federal student financial aid programs is July 1 of one year to June 30 of the next year. Some post-secondary schools will require an additional financial aid form for the summer session, but all aid is based on the 12-month federal financial aid year. If the post-secondary institution requires a separate Student Financial Aid Report (SFAR), VR must ensure Unmet Need in not exceeded for the summer term or the entire fiscal year.

Unmet Need: Post-Secondary programs must be eligible for federal financial aid. Some religious and private institutions do not have Federal Student Financial Aid available. If Unmet Need is not able to be determined, VR cannot fund. This is an informed choice issue to be addressed with the client. There are no exceptions to obtaining the Unmet Need from the post-secondary institute. If parents are refusing to file FAFSA or taxes, the student can work with the financial aid office to determine if they can be considered an independent student to obtain the needed information.

An Unmet Need must be determined by the post-secondary institution of study for VR to consider assisting with college funding. A student's eligibility or ineligibility for federal financial aid does not determine the type of training allowance Nebraska VR provides. There is no exceptions to this requirement.

• Example: An individual in an undergraduate program and registered for less than 6 credit hours, will not qualify for a PELL grant due to the limited number of credit hours, but an unmet need can and must be determined by the post-secondary institution of study.
• Example: An individual in a graduate level program is not eligible for a PELL grant due to the program of study, but an unmet need can and must be determined by the post-secondary institution of study.
• Example: Differed Action Childhood Arrivals (DACA) students are not eligible for federal or state student aid, but an unmet need can and must be determined by the post-secondary institution of study. The student may be eligible for private scholarships and financial aid from private schools, colleges, and universities. If VR is working with a DACA student, verification of eligibility to work through the SAVE program is required on an annual basis while the case is open. The student must be assigned a social security number to complete the financial aid application to determine the Unmet Need. For further information on how DACA can obtain a social security number visit: http//www.socialsecurity.gov/pub/deferred_action.pdf 

Under no circumstances can the amount of VR financial aid exceed the unmet need. VR does not have the authority to make revisions in the unmet need reported by the school. Any revisions must be made by the school’s financial aid office.

Process for determining VR Post-Secondary Assistance:

1. Obtain student financial aid information.

For Schools utilizing the SFAR: The address and contact information for post-secondary institutions that accept the Student Financial Aid Report- Electronic (SFAR-E) form via email are listed in the SFAR-E Directory of Schools. Hard copies of the SFAR can also be utilized, if needed. Instructions for completion of the SFAR are on the back of the form.

• Obtain client's signature on the Student Financial Aid Report.
• Email the school's financial aid office the client signed VR Release and the SFAR-E Form.

For schools not completing the Student Financial Aid Report form (SFAR):

• VR must utilize the student to obtain the required information.
• Instruct the student to sign into their student account and review their financial aid resources.
• Client must accept the gift aid (PELL, scholarships, etc.) as these do not require repayment.
• Discuss Unmet Need and how loans are part of the financial aid package, but do not require acceptance.
  • Loans require repayment and should only be taken, if needed. An individual can also accept the loan in whole or part.
  • Explain accepting loan(s) prior to VR determining the training allowance amount may alter the Unmet Need amount and in turn, possibly reduce the amount VR's training allowance.
  • After VR funding has been determined, the student can request a student loan, if needed.
  • VR funding may reduce the amount of student loans available.

Once the student has accepted their financial aid, the student should be able to print off an accurate reflection of their financial aid resources and Unmet Need. Have the student provide a copy or screen shot of the financial aid award from their post-secondary account. This information must show the information is directly from the post-secondary institution. CAUTION: If a student prints this statement prior to accepting their grants and scholarships, the Unmet Need will be too high as only expected family contribution (EFC) will be figured in. Students may also provide this information via a letter from the post-secondary institution. 

2. VR Specialist ensures maximum efforts to obtain grant assistance. Reviews SFAR and ensures it addresses all required aspects (student aid index, gift aid, and Unmet Need) and has been calculated correctly. If there are any questions clarify the information with the college and have them an updated financial aid statement if adjustments were made. VR does not have the authority to make revisions in the unmet need reported by the school. Any revisions must be made by the school’s financial aid office.

3.The determining factors for VR financial assistance with post-secondary training are:

(1) Post-Secondary Training is required to reach the employment objective on the IPE and the goal is consistent with the client's unique interests, strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, informed choice, and labor market information,

(2) Ability of the institution or program to award federal financial aid,

(3) Type of degree awarded by the institution and/or the program of study, 

(4) Client's Unmet Need

VR Training Allowance is for tuition, fees, and specific books. The training allowance is intended to help the student meet the cost for those institutions and programs that are eligible to award federal financial aid. In addition, an individual must have an Unmet Need to be eligible for VR financial aid.

Co-funding post-secondary programs: When co-funding the coordinated and combined funding cannot exceed the unmet need or the actual cost of attending post-secondary training. VR’s portion of the funding is subject to all the policies, procedures and fees described in this program manual chapter and Rule 72. If VR is not funding post-secondary training and it is needed to achieve the employment outcome, include it on the IPE and enter it in the Case Home screen as a comparable service. 

Pre-requisite courses: These courses can be funded by Nebraska VR, if they are part of the IPE to obtain the specific job goal and unmet need will not be exceeded.

Remedial courses: VR assistance with remedial courses is limited to a total of 6 semester hours or 9 quarter hours. The student must pay for all remedial or developmental class hours above the maximum. 

Interterm (J-Term) is offered by some post-secondary institutes for a few weeks between the fall and spring sessions in January. It is counted as part of the spring term (Example: J-term is within the Spring semester and part of the total 12 credits. If 3 credits are taken in the J-term only 9 credits remain for the Spring session)

The following chart shows the QE2 calculated rates based on program of study. Additional calculations are needed for SSI/SSDI Recipients. See below.

Type of degree awarded by Institution and, or Program	BA & above	AA	Diploma or Certificate	Diploma or Certificate	Non-degree (up to 12 hours)
Eligible to award federal financial aid	Program is eligible to offer federal financial aid	Program is eligible to offer federal financial aid	Program is eligible to offer federal financial aid	Program is not eligible to offer federal financial aid	Program not eligible to offer federal financial aid.
QE2 Service	Post Sec-College	Post Sec-Technical	Post Sec-Technical	Misc. Training Skill Building	Misc. Training Skill Building
Financial Assistance	$168 Semester Hr or $86 Quarter Hr	$68 Semester Hr or $46 Quarter Hr or $1.81 Clock Hr	$68 Semester Hr or $46 Quarter Hr or $1.81 Clock Hr	Actual cost not to exceed $4752.00	Actual cost not to exceed $4752.00

Training Allowances: 

Under no circumstances can the amount of VR financial aid exceed the unmet need. QE2 calculates the above rates based on the number of credits registered for. 

QE2 calculated rates:

• College/Technical Training semester programs: 12 hours fall, 12 hours spring and 12 summer semester hours for a total of 36 hours.
• College/Technical Training quarter programs: 12 hours fall, 12 hours winter, 12 hours spring, and 12 hours summer quarters for a total of 48 hours.

SSI/SSDI Cases: They are exempt from contributing to the cost of goods or services, unless the amount exceeds the least cost option. If the client does not choose the lease cost option, they are responsible for the increased cost. Office Directors will grant an exception when needed to the limit on the number of program required credit hours per session and/or the amount of VR financial aid provided, if it does not exceed the unmet need or program's required hours. 

Nebraska VR bases SSI/SSDI Recipient post-secondary financial assistance on unmet need and the amount is calculated by:

Tuition:

• Determine least cost option of tuition for each individual client based on their location, program of study availability, or any other relevant factors. Education Quest has a tool designed to assist in determining the average tuition rates based on the student's location and program of study. The client can attend any post-secondary institution, but least cost option will need to be determined based on their program of study. 
• Use the actual cost of tuition and fees from the least cost option. These need to be current rates, as they are usually adjusted annually.  
• Subtract out scholarships awarded for tuition, as applicable.
• Subtract the QE2 automated Non-SSI/SSDI rate from the actual cost to arrive at the cost difference.
• Add this cost-difference amount to the QE2 generated amount on the QE2 post-secondary screen with the the Office Director using the “Adj. Exception” button to adjust the amount of the training allowance, as long as it does not exceed the unmet need.

Example:

  $5,665.72 (Actual Cost of Tuition & Fees for bachelor's degree for 12 credits) Do not include Health Insurance Premiums.

- $2,016.00 (QE2 Non-SSI/SSDI pre-calculated rate - 12 credits x $168)

  $3,649.72 (cost difference to be added to the authorized amount)

+ $2,016.00 (QE2 Non-SSI/SSDI pre-calculated rate) 

  $5,665.72 (Full tuition and authorization amount)

Books and Supplies: Specifically required books and supplies are funded based upon VR authorization process and consideration needs to be given to existing resources (PELL, etc.). All expenses for attending post-secondary training are subject to the unmet need and authorizations may not exceed it. Use QE2 Category of Jr/Community College, 4-Year College, or Graduate College and QE2 Service of VR Allowance. 

Maximum Training Allowance:

The maximum credit hours VR will provide financial assistance is the total number of credit hours required by the educational institution for the agreed upon program of study.  The following credit hours, regardless of the funding source, shall count toward the maximum credit hours for their program of study: 

• Transfer credit hours accepted by the institution and program of study.
• Alternative course credit hours accepted by the institution and program of study.
• Course credits earned by the recipient while under current or prior IPE with Nebraska VR.
• Course credit hours authorized for, but not earned because the: 
  • Course was not completed with a grade of C or equivalent, or a grade required by the program of study. 
  • Course was withdrawn from after the 100% refund period or
  • Course or courses do not meet the degree requirements of the institution and program of study.

Examples:

• New VR client, but prior college student. Academic audit reflects, program requires a total of 120 credit hours and accepts 20 transfer credits. (120 - 20 = 100 credits remaining for VR funding). 
• New VR client. Program requires a total of 120 credit hours, student funded 60 credits previously and of those 60 credits the college accepts 40 transfer credits. Since the previous credits were completed prior to VR and the IPE, VR will only count the credits that are accepted by the college and program of study (120 - 40 = 80 credits remaining for VR funding). 
• Current or prior VR client. Program requires a total of 120 credit hours, VR funded 60 credits in another program and of those 60 the college accepts 40 transfer credits. (120 - 60 = 60 credits remaining for VR funding) due to the need to count all credits earned while under an IPE.
• Current or prior VR client. Program requires a total of 120 credit hours, VR funded 60 credits in another program and Veterans Program funded 40 credits prior to working with VR. The college accepts 20 or the 40 credits of the Veteran funded and an additional 15 of the 60 credits of VR funded courses. (120 - 20 - 60 = 40) All VR funded credits count, whether accepted by the college or not.

POST-SECONDARY INCREASED COST:

Use QE2 Category of Jr/Community College, 4-Year College, or Graduate College and QE2 Service below.

When the circumstances of participating in a vocational rehabilitation service cause an additional cost to the client. The increase in living cost must be tied to other services being provided and is strictly limited to the additional living expense a client incurs while participating in program services, not an everyday living expense.  Students are expected to use their existing resources (PELL and financial aid resources) to meet the costs of attending post-secondary training not covered by the VR training allowance. If these resources are not available or feasible, VR can assist with the cost as long as it does not exceed the unmet need.

The following auxiliary costs for post-secondary are included by the school financial aid offices in determining the Cost of Attendance Budget and are thus subject to the Unmet Need limitation. VR may consider providing (in addition to the training allowance) financial assistance for post-secondary auxiliary costs that create an increase cost for the client when no other existing resources are available.  Consult with the school financial aid office if there is a question about the amount of VR assistance and the available unmet need. 

SSI/SSDI Recipients are exempt from contribution to the cost of goods or services of their IPE, unless the amount exceeds the least cost option. If the client does not choose the lease cost option, they are responsible for the increased cost.

Exceptions: Follow Rule 72 procedures for authorizing the service. After a search for comparable services and existing benefits, the office director will grant an exception to the fee schedule for the remaining cost of the good or services for SSI/SSDI Recipients.

Notify the college of all VR financial assistance to include any increased cost assistance to the client to avoid a financial aid over-award.

VR Allowance. Textbooks and routine supplies required to participate in college or technical training are included in the training allowance.

Non-routine supplies are those required to participate in a training program or courses such as art, graphics, photography, architecture, computer software, cosmetology, etc.

Tools. Tools required to participate in a college or technical training program. Tools are those ordinarily used in the practice of a profession, trade, craft, or other recognized profession including required consumable and non-consumable supplies and software for courses and programs such as graphic design, welding, cad, cosmetology, automotive, etc. This is only for required tools, not "recommended" tools. Cost equal to 50% of the school’s required tool cost for the program.

Uniform/work clothing - Uniforms and work clothing required for participation in college and technical training including laboratory coats, aprons, gloves, goggles and similar protective clothing and devices.

Private vehicle. If a client will have a increased cost due to commuting, inform the college financial aid office so this can be calculated into the student's budget when determining aid and unmet need. Mileage for recurring travel to college or technical training at the current rate in Rule 72. 

Other transportation: Bus passes for recurring travel to college or technical training may be considered if this is an actual increased cost. This may include financial aid for use of handivan and paratransit systems, taxicabs if the person’s impairment precludes use of other modes of transportation.

Childcare. Daycare services during the time the client is in class and commuting to and from the school. If an individual will have an increased cost for daycare, inform the college financial aid office so this can be calculated into the student's budget when determining aid. 

Background Check.  student requires a background check before participating in a clinical, student teaching, internship, or other required activity.

EXCLUDED from increase cost and financial aid:

Disability related services - adaptive software, adaptive computer hardware, tutors, readers, etc. are not subject to the unmet need limitation. To be considered a disability related service or device, it must be unique to the individual's specific disability and not required or recommended for all students.

Health insurance fees (Premiums). VR does not assist with the cost of any health insurance required of the student by a school, program, or course. This policy applies regardless of whether the fee or premium is to be paid to the school or directly to an insurance company. This is not to be confused with a Health Services or Health Center Fee which is covered by the training allowance.

Authorization of the VR Training Allowance:

Review information with the student. VR Specialist contacts the client to discuss financial planning and budgeting, as soon as the student's on-line account is completed by the school's financial aid office or VR has received a Student Financial Aid Report from the college. Help the client (and family) to understand the Student Financial Aid Report (SFAR), the financial aid offered by the school and VR post-secondary funding. 

Whenever possible, clients should be allowed the choice of how they want to receive the training allowance. In most cases, the allowance should be given to the student in a lump sum, so the student can apply it to school expenses as deemed appropriate. If the student prefers, the allowance may be split between the client, school and/or book/supply vendor(s), or all the allowance can be provided to the school, if feasible. 

VR completes the SFAR with the amount of VR funding and sends it to the school's Student Financial Aid Office. VR funding amount is the estimated VR training allowance, and any additional funding VR is providing for other college expenses (tools, uniforms, etc.) not included in the training allowance. This information is to be provided to all colleges, whether the school's is reporting directly to VR or the student. Keep a copy of the completed SFAR for the VR file. 

Requirements to monitor client progress:

1. Academic credential. If the goal of training requires obtaining an academic credential (i.e., a certificate, diploma, or degree awarded by the institution), document on the IPE the academic credential being sought. The maximum credit hours for which VR will provide financial aid is limited to the number of hours specifically required for degree completion by the higher education institution or by a state authority issuing mandatory licenses.
2. Academic requirements - Identify the courses and hours required. If the goal of training is to complete specific courses (i.e., the goal is not an academic credential), documentation in the IPE must identify the specific courses and hours to be completed. 
3. Accommodations and supports - Determine if assistive technology and student supports will be necessary for the client to be successful in training and document the needed supports in the IPE. 
4. Determine the number of hours to be completed per term:
   • If a client requires a reduced course load, consult with the Office Director and obtain approval of this decision to attend college part-time. All major decisions need to be documented in the task notes.  Examples of part-time attendance requests may be due to: 
     • physical or mental impairment,
     • need to maintain existing employment, or
     • need to maintain a comparable benefit and/or service.
5. Review reasonable progress criteria:
   • Review the VR Financial Aid form. This is a required form for all post-secondary plans and is to be reviewed at the time the IPE is signed. This form is automatically included with all IPEs with a post-secondary service when printed out of QE2. Review all the information with the client, so they are aware of how funding is determined and post-secondary expectations.
   • The client must provide a copy of the registration form no later than 5 business days prior to the start of the term (as well as a copy of any revised registration if there is a subsequent change due to drop and add or course cancellation). Inability to comply due to circumstances beyond the control of the student shall not result in VR assistance being withheld. An Office Director exception is required to be documented in a task note to receive funding when the timeline is not met.
   • Monitor grades each term and for the academic year using grade reports for an overall or cumulative grade point average (GPA) of "C" or equivalent, or better, unless the program of study requires a higher course grade or GPA. The student is responsible for providing VR with a copy of their grades.
   • Complete the number of credit hours each academic year needed to meet the reasonable progress criteria set by the school's financial aid office and as agreed to by VR. In general, "reasonable progress" means satisfactorily completing at least:
     • 36 credit hours of credit in a school with a three-semester academic year; or,
     • 48 quarter hours of credit in a school with a 4-quarter academic year.
6. Review failure to maintain reasonable progress. If a client fails to maintain reasonable progress, an appropriate corrective action plan should be developed in cooperation with the post-secondary institution.
   • If the client completes fewer required credits than authorized, take corrective action in the following term by reducing the number of credits authorized to reflect the number not completed last term. Example: If VR authorized 12 credits, but the client only completed 9 credits and the following term the client registers for 12 credits, VR would only fund 9 as adjusting for the 3 credits not completed. 
   • If a client fails to maintain reasonable progress (cumulative 2.0 GPA & completion of required credit hours), an appropriate corrective action plan should be developed in cooperation with the post-secondary institution. 
   • Financial assistance may be continued for one academic term or semester to determine whether the client is able to make reasonable progress with the corrective actions. The opportunity to achieve reasonable progress with continued VR funding shall not be unreasonably denied; however, in some circumstances, continued VR funding may not be appropriate.
   • Monitor any corrective action plans. If the client does not complete or participate in planned corrective actions, modify, or terminate post-secondary training as appropriate. If reasonable progress is not achieved at the end of one academic term or semester, financial aid should be discontinued, and the IPE reviewed and revised to identify a suitable employment goal.
7. Obtain verification of the credential upon completion.